Amputation Mishap - 1398 Words

Amputation Mishap The Neighborhood News reports of a medical error at The Neighborhood Hospital. The report states a 62 year-old male patient underwent surgery to have his leg amputated only to discover the wrong leg was amputated during surgery. The newspaper article states the mishap is negligence. In the following paragraphs, negligence, gross negligence, and malpractice are discussed and determine if the newspaper’s statement of negligence is correct. Ethical principles in nursing and nursing documentation regarding such issues are also discussed. Negligence and malpractice fall under the tort laws definition. According to Guido (2010), â€Å"Torts are civil wrongs, not based on contracts, but on personal transgressions in that the†¦show more content†¦6. Damages. The amputated leg cannot be replaced; therefore the patient is entitled to compensatory damages regarding pain and suffering, permanent disability, disfigurement, emotional damages as well as financial loss and medical expenses. In this scenario, all six elements to prove malpractice are present. The negligence is by licensed personnel in a hospital setting. Using the definitions and criteria above, the newspaper incorrectly defines the mishap as negligence. The correct term to use in this case is professional negligence or malpractice. Nursing documentation should be reflective of the patient’s hospital stay. This includes identifying and addressing patient needs, assessments, problems, limitations, and responses to nursing interventions. According to Guido (2010), â€Å"Documentation must show continuity of care, interventions that were implemented, and patient responses to the therapies implemented. Nurses’ notes are to be concise, clear, timely, and complete† (p. 197). Guido (2010) lists the following guidelines for nurses to use to ensure documentation is complete and accurate (p. 197-209): 1. Make an entry for every observation. If documentation is absent, it can be assumed an observation did not take place. 2. Follow-up as needed. Evaluation and observations require follow up to ensure appropriate patient responses and optimal outcomes. 3. Read nurses notes prior to givingShow MoreRelatedAmputation Mishap; Negligence Essay1556 Words   |  7 PagesAmputation Mishap; Negligence Carmen Holder HCS/478 February 4, 2013 Barbara Gilbert, EdD, MSN, RN, CNE Amputation Mishap; Negligence Confused by a repeating dream, Joseph Benson wakes up and realizes the wrong leg was amputated. Even under the best of circumstances, mishaps such as this one do occur as a result of negligence and cause unnecessary duress to patients. This paper will discuss the difference between negligence, gross negligence, and malpractice. I will present my opinion ofRead MoreNegligence Paper1087 Words   |  5 Pagesin the past few years, wrong site surgery continues to happen at an alarming rate of 40 times per week in the United States alone (â€Å"Wrong-site surgery still happens 40x/week†, 2011). Throughout this paper The Neighborhood newspaper article, â€Å"Amputation Mishap; Negligence†, will be discussed. There will be a differentiation between negligence, gross negligence, and malpractice. I will make a decision regarding whether the incident referenced in the newspaper article was negligent or not. I willRead MoreNegligence Paper1529 Words   |  7 PagesBenson in the Neighborhood Newspaper article, a mistake was made that was irreversible. He went into the hospital to have his leg amputated, and the doctor amputated the wrong leg. The question is was the doctor negligent in his practice? Is the amputation of the wrong leg considered to be malpractice on the doctor’s part? This paper will differentiate between negligence, gross negligence, and malpractice. After differentiating between these terms, it will be determined if the doctor operating onRead MoreNegligence: Medicine and Ethical Principles1196 Words   |  5 Pagesin the course materials section of University of Phoenix student Website. The article â€Å"Amputation mishap, negligence cited† is about the wrong leg amputation of 62-year-old Joseph Benson, a diabetic patient who suffered from poor circulation for five years. The hospital where he had surgery is experiencing nursing shortage and union problems (Pearson Health Science, 2011). The incidence of wrong leg amputation occurred as a result of negligence. This could have avoided by completing a pre proceduralRead MoreHow Chondrosarcoma Is An Unusual Tumor Or Cancer Growth Mainly Affecting The Surface Of Cartilage Joints991 Words   |  4 Pagesalso be a factor in someone being diagnosed with CS. Overexposure to radiation causes fluctuations in the way cells reproduce causing them to duplicate radically and uncontrollably. Diagnosis Tests In many cases diagnosis may be accidental or by mishap; something as simple as a broken bone could confirm the presence of chondrosarcoma. If the cause of the fracture within the bone was a small incident or trauma, then the patient may be reviewed further for the possibility of CS; however, the percentageRead MoreNegligence: Tort and Position Statement1881 Words   |  8 Pagesmalpractice. Based on this information, the author will provide a position statement along with a rational for his decision. This position statement will indicate whether the case presented in the Neighborhood’s newspaper article, entitled â€Å"Amputation Mishap; Negligence†, presents a case of negligence, gross negligence, or malpractice. The importance of documentation and its correlation to potential negligence will also be presented. The ethical principles that would guide my practice if I were theRead MoreNegligence Paper1180 Words   |  5 Pagesor the risk thereof. Serious injury specif ically includes loss of limb or function† (Dillon. 2008.).† This was an all too familiar of a situation for one Mr. Joseph Benson a 62-year-old diabetic with circulation problems that required a leg amputation. In this paper I plan to explore the legal implications in regards to the differences between negligence, gross negligence and malpractice. I will also explore some rational as to why union problems and/or nursing shortages could have been theRead MoreThe Hardships for the Mother of a Child with Cancer in People Like That Are the Only People Here,† by Lorrie Moore1212 Words   |  5 Pagesheals her grief and allows her to face another day. The whimsical and quirky tone ultimately shifts to a matter-of-fact tone, depicting the mother’s detached attitude toward her atmosphere. â€Å"Pediatric cancer and chemo stories: the childrens amputations, blood poisoning, teeth flaking like shale, the learning delays and disabilities caused by chemo frying the young, budding brain.† The mother talks about the â€Å"cancer and chemo stories† as if they were a normal, everyday routine. As the mother wasRead MorePaper on Work Place Safety10014 Words   |  41 Pagesuse of the machine and could result in damage. Also, with the high complexity, design, sophistication and high cost of acquisition, measures should be taken to ensure human and product accidents and mishaps are managed. Design faults and deficiencies can cause and/or contribute to accidents and mishaps in the workplace. It is therefore, imperative that the product design and engineering phase be factored into consideration and analysis when discussing Workplace Safety. This is basically a preventiveRead MoreUnit 4222-208 (Hsc 027) Essay12711 Words   |  51 Pagesoccur ACCIDENT REPORTING The dictionary definition of an accident as â€Å"an unforeseen event† is not particularly helpful in the context of health and safety. It is more useful to categorise such events which happen in the workplace (referred to as â€Å"mishaps† in this procedure) as follows: †¢ Incident – any unplanned occurrence that leads to damage to property, plant or equipment. †¢ Accident – any unplanned occurrence that leads to the injury of personnel or other persons involved in our activities,

Effects Of A Non-Traditional Family On Children Essay

A family helps mold each person into who they eventually will become. The family is a guide for the success of a childs future. The stability of family creates a building block for how the child will progress throughout life. When parents divorce, the children are left with no stability causing them to lose basic concepts of childhood that may carry with them throughout life. Children of divorced parents have less success and happiness creating less productive citizens in our nation. Watching parents take a home from a traditional family lifestyle to a broken home by getting a divorce is very devastating to a childs mental well-being. As Judith Seltzer notes, Recent reviews summarize evidence that children are emotionally†¦show more content†¦The actual separation of my parents was not the exact reason I became depressed, the actual reason being that everything else changed as well as my family situation. I had to adapt to a new lifestyle, both socially and economically. Man y experts on divorce and the effects on children agree that the actual separation of parents may not be the leading factor in depression. Robert Aseltine explains, Divorce is seen as setting off a chain of negative events and transitions that are causally related to youths psychological distress and may be more potent stressors than the physical separation of parents (134). My personal experience has shown that money does not last as long when only one income supports the same number of children as two incomes previously supported. Aseltine concurs by stating, Economic hardship isÂ…thought to play a prominent role in explaining childrens distressÂ…Disrupted families generally experience dramatic declines in standard of livingÂ… (134). When any person goes from one standard of living to a substantially lesser standard of living in a short amount of time they will have emotional stresses that will be difficult to deal with. This will cause great stresses in their lives crea ting barriers toward success. Financial situations are not always the main stress factor in depression among children of divorced parents. Depression may also be due to the sudden change of everything a child knows. SurvivingShow MoreRelatedEffects of a Non-Traditional Family on Children1745 Words   |  7 PagesFamily helps mold every person into who they eventually will become. The family is a guide for the success of a childs future. The stability of family creates a building block for how the child will progress throughout life. When parents divorce, the children are left with no stability causing them to lose basic concepts of childhood that may carry with them throughout life. Children of divorced parents have less success and happiness creating less productive citizens in our nation. Watching parentsRead MoreThe Effect Of Family Structure Change On Children s Development931 Words   |  4 PagesThe influence of family structure change on children s development In recent decades, the changes in the structure of families cause public attention. Among those changes, children may experience non-marital childbirth, parents divorce or step-parent family in their process of growing. In order see how does the family structure changes affect children s development. Many researches compare children from a two-biological-parent family and children who are not living with both biological parentsRead MoreThe Role Of Family Structure And Youth Essay1678 Words   |  7 Pagesby children under the age of 18. What causes a child to embark on such destructive paths at such young ages? Children are our future; they must be raised well to become the next Einstein, Oprah, Obama and etc. Raising a child starts within the home. Not all families are nuclear families consisting of a mother and father. Some families are single parent families where there is only one parent or even extended families, meaning daughters, sons, grandparents, uncles, aunts, and so on . Families go throughRead MoreThe Effects Of Post Colonialism On Social Mobility Essay1276 Words   |  6 PagesBack in the days when the effect of post-colonialism was still real, education was only affordable to the whites and the upper-class families. This brought about the hierarchy of power where the wealthy capitalist accessed first class education for their children, and basically excluding the low-class children from this system of education (Croxford 372). This, therefore, leads to inequality to social mobility, where the lower class members have less opportunity for social mobility. Mainly due toRead MoreThe Main Selling Point Of Marriage Essay1549 Words   |  7 Pagesstop or prevent wars as well as the only viable option for women to prosper and survive in a male dominated society. Currently, it is no longer necessary for women to marry for survival and thus the marriage is losing its appeal. Hence, the non-traditional family structures are on a rise which goes against the ingrained teachings of past generations. Therefore, old school politicians, religious leaders are looking for new ways to persuade the public of how important marriage is to keep the ancientRead MoreEssay about Sperm Donation: A Viable Option828 Words   |  4 Pagescommunicate with people across the world instantly, and maybe most impressively of all, we are able to create human life. We now hold in our hands the technologies that allow those who may not have been able to conceive naturally to have children they can call their own; children who will enrich their lives in a way nothing else can, and who will continue their names and lives after they are gone. In an age where we have more power than ever to use the bodies and DNA of others for our own benefit, it becomesRead MoreThe Decline Of The Nuclear Family932 Words   |  4 PagesDecline of the Nuclear Family In college classes, the traditional nuclear family is defined as a family consisting of one or both parents and their dependent children in a single family unit without any extended relatives (Kendall, 2013). Some sociological perspectives suggest that any departure from what is known as the â€Å"traditional,† or nuclear, family indicates a social problem, while others maintain that the definition of family has simply evolved beyond the nuclear family. Some even suggestRead MoreStigma, Facts And Solutions : Raising Same Sex Families1346 Words   |  6 PagesSolutions: Raising Same-sex families. Stigma Social stigma against homosexuals is a common experience for those raising children in same-sex families. Although gay rights have improved and a generally more inclusive environment is present there are still many who treat homosexuals as mentally ill deviants (McCabe, 2012). Even with gay right improvements there is still debate surrounding bringing children into these environments. Current discourses assume that same-sex families will negatively affect theRead MoreHow Changes Of Marriage And Family Will Change American Society949 Words   |  4 Pages How Changes to Marriage and Family will change American Society Temitope Layode DeVry University PHIL 447 Spring 2016 How Changes to Marriage and Family will change American Society Over time, the American society has derailed from the traditional reason and forms of marriage and family set up. The American society acceptance of non-marital childbearing (single parenting), same- sex marriage has led to the trending poverty rate in average families. The main objective of the institution ofRead MorePlanning For Non Traditional Families1613 Words   |  7 Pages Worldview Position Paper Planning for non-traditional families is becoming more of an issue as the homosexual rights agenda spreads across America. This issue comes from redefining the family. â€Å"The legal chaos and moral chaos as well that comes from redefining the family, is also referred to as the homosexual agenda and has far reaching impacts.† Rodney Chrisman, Legal Chaos: Relating to Redefining the Family (2011). The homosexual agenda has unique concerns when creating an estate plan. From Christian

Past Consideration - Concepts and Assurances Made Under Seal Deeds

Question: Discuss about the Concept of Past Consideration. Answer: Introduction: Consideration is the price paid in exchange of the promise as asked by the promisor. In many states price paid for the promise was not a essential constituent of a agreement and it would be more than sufficient if the parties have reached a binding agreement. It has been regarded that the past consideration paid would not be a good consideration. It must come into subsistence with or after the undertaking. Where the predetermined price predates the assurance made, then it would not be measured as a good consideration (Australian Contract Law, 2015). In the matter of Roscola v. Thomas the promise was not a obligatory on the parties because the only price which was offered for a guarantee was about the dependability of a horse. The same was inflowing into the unique agreement which has taken place before the guarantee was assured (Law Teacher, 2016). There have been certain exceptions which make a past consideration a good consideration if: The price was offered at the demand of the person who makes a promise; The parties appreciate that the action would be compensated; and The promise has happened in progress of the act it would have been enforceable. In the case of Pao On v Lau Yiu Long all the above mentioned three requirements were present. In particular, the defendant has made a request that the plaintiff would preserve 60 percent of the shares and the parties believed at that time that the action would be rewarded by the stipulation of a promise (McKendrick,E., and Liu, Q., 2015). Although, where the promise was already bound by the agreement to the promisor, the general ruling was that the presentation of an existing contractual duty would not be a good consideration unless some extra advantage was awarded. But the situation would be different where the promise with regard to the agreement bound to a 3rd party to carry out the duty. In a matter where the contractual obligation of the promise was owed to a third party, performing that obligation was considered as a good consideration for the promise of the promisor. Similarly in the matter of Glasbrook v Glamorgan County Council it was held that where an obligation was forced by law to carry out a certain assignment mere act of that task was not a good consideration. This helps in preventing bribery such as public officers extortion money from the public for performing tasks they were already requisite to do. Though, if the promisor does more than merely executing an accessible obligation would be considered as a good consideration (E-lawresources.co.uk, 2016). But there are presently two different exceptions to the obligation of price paid such as: Assurances made under seal deeds Where the principle of promissory estoppel functions. As this doctrine was intended to implement undertakings in certain situations where it would be unfair not to do so but it was not a true alternate for the price paid. The principle was reasonable in nature and functions when it would be unjust for the promisor not to be held to the promise. It was first developed in the case of Hughes v. Metropolitan Railway Co [1877] but was vanished for some time until it was revived by the judge in the matter of Central London Property v High Trees. The judge in this matter affirmed that the code which has been explained as quasi estoppels and perhaps more clearly as promissory estoppels was that when one party to an agreement in the absence of a fresh price paid for the promise agrees not to put into effect his liberties. Then, fairness would be lifted in favor of the other party. This fairness was, however, subject to the prerequisite: That the other party has misrepresented his situation; That the promisor could withdraw from his undertaking on granting rational notice, which need not be a official notice, giving the promise a practical chance of restarting his work; The assurance only becomes final and irreversible if the promisee would not resume his position (Supreme Court of New South Wales, 2016). In this case another kind of promise was represented that the courts would enforce without consideration and also it was stated that a promise must be honored if: It was made with the purpose of producing a lawful relation; The promisor knew that it would be imposed upon by the pomisee; and It was imposed upon by the promise to the promisees damage. The court held that in this circumstance, the plaintiff would be stopped from implementing its strict lawful liberties as it would be inequitable to enforce such privileges. It also defined the equitable estoppels as a condition in which a promisor would be stopped from implementing his full lawful privileges if he had made a previous promise limiting this liberty (Olamide, 2016). Therefore, in such type of cases estoppels would act as a defense to protect the promisor who acted variably with the promise but would not originate as a cause of action. So, it would be taken as a shield rather than a sword. The significance of the case lies in the obiter declaration of ruling made by the judge which states that a guarantee which proposed to be obligatory, planned to be acted on, or in fact acted on, is obligatory so far as its conditions correctly apply. In applying this ruling, it was also affirmed that an assurance to accept a lower rent during the war years was obligatory on the landlord, in spite of the fact that the tenant has supplied no price for it. For this doctrine there were certain restrictions which must be satisfied which were derived in this case. The restrictions include certain points such as: There must be a promise There must be a clear promise which intends to alter the contracted duty. However, there were some limitations also related to the doctrine of estoppels such as: It applied only where the parties were already in an accessible contractual association; and It offered only a guard to a assertion made by the promisor in contravention of the promise so it would not establish a allegation. It was also stated by a judge in the matter of Collier v P MJ Wright (Holdings) Ltd that it accepted the ruling that High Trees would be used to destroy a liberty of a creditor to pay full amount of a debt in some situations (McKendendrick, 2013). Contract law of Australia has now gone beyond the point noticeable in the High Trees case to the cases where there was no pre-existing lawful association among the parties, and the doctrine could be regarded as a weapon not just as a guard. The verdict given in the case of Waltan Stores have extended the doctrine of Promissory estoppel which was established in the high trees case giving way for an equitable estoppel to be acknowledged and applied in the subsequent case laws (Clark, E., 2016). As Equitable estoppels was regarded as the rule that recognizes that it would be unconscionable of one party from gaining any type of benefit over the second party due to falsification resulting in actions taken by the second party that led to a harmful result to themselves. Also this doctrine was not reliant on a pre-existing contractual association. So, it is concluded that the idea of past price payment being not good consideration is no longer suitable since the High Trees case because of the evolution of the exception of Promissory estoppels to the this rule of past consideration. Also, the High Trees case has not been overruled by any case rather only the doctrine of estoppels have been more briefly defined in the case of Waltan Stores. Therefore, this principle still applies in present time. References: Australian Contract Law. (2015) Consideration.[Online] Australian Contract Law. Available from: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/law/formation-consideration.html#considpast [Accessed on 21/09/16] Law Teacher. (2016) Promise in Breach of Contract. [Online] Law Teacher. Available from: https://www.lawteacher.net/free-law-essays/contract-law/promise-in-breach-of-contract-law-essay.php [Accessed on 21/09/16] McKendrick,E., and Liu, Q. (2015) Contract Law: Australian Edition. Palgrave Macmillan. E-lawresources.co.uk. (2016) Glasbrook Bros v Glamorgan County Council [1925] AC 270 House of Lords.[Online] E-lawresources.co.uk. Available from: https://e-lawresources.co.uk/Glasbrook-Bros-v-Glamorgan-County-Council.php [Accessed on 21/09/16] Olamide, O. (2016) The Concept Of Consideration. [Online] Djetlawyer. Available from: https://www.djetlawyer.com/the-concept-of-consideration/ [Accessed on 21/09/16] Supreme Court of New South Wales. ( 2016) Equitable Estoppel In Australia: The Court Of Conscience In The Antipodes. [Online] Supreme Court of New South Wales. Available from: https://www.supremecourt.justice.nsw.gov.au/Documents/Speeches/Pre-2015%20Speeches/Brereton/brereton_2007.03.16.pdf [Accessed on 21/09/16] Clark, E.( 2016) The Swordbearer Has Arrived: Promissory Estoppel And Walton Stores (Interstate) Ltd V Maher. [Online] Australasian Legal Information Institute. Available from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/UTasLawRw/1987/5.pdf [Accessed on 21/09/16] McKendendrick, E. (2013) Contract Law. Palgrave Macmillan.

Economic Condition of Pakistan free essay sample

Economic condition of Pakistan For the past few years Pakistan has been following the technique of assessment of domestic oil value against the international oil value on a fortnight basis. About 85% of the oil required for domestic uses in Pakistan is imported. Back in the year 2004 various subsidies were given by the government on the oil price as an attempt to protect the citizens from the prospective record fuel costs. It was also an attempt to curb the rate of inflation prevalent in the country. Financing these subsidies, which by the way are considered a birthright by the population of these countries, is a major burden for an emerging economy. For instance according to the estimate of various prominent economists and analysts, that subsidy was costing Pakistan a whooping 14. 5 billion rupees per month. This amounted to around $232 million per month. Not surprisingly as a result the Pakistani government was under major financial stress. We will write a custom essay sample on Economic Condition of Pakistan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although it has to be acknowledged that recent increases in the industrys cost of production were largely due to rise in other input costs. Industry is paying more for oil and other imported raw materials and capital goods in line with rising international prices and utilities and transportation costs, and wage costs have risen due to the rise in minimum wages. Pakistan’s inflation accelerated in December as local wheat prices rose to a record, pushed up by smuggling of the grain to neighboring Afghanistan. Wheat prices in the Pakistan, the world’s sixth- largest consumer of the grain, have risen by more than 20 percent since November as the government’s failure to curb illegal exports led to a shortage in the domestic market. An 80-kilogram bag of wheat flour sold for a record 2,000 rupees ($32) on Jan. 7 after riots cut supplies. The inflation rate had already reached a record high in January 2008 accompanied by the increase in the consumer prices which leapt to an alarming rate of 11. 9 percent as compared to the previous record rate released by the Federal Bureau of Statistics. It was forecasted than by economists that inflation may climb further as riots which erupted after the Dec. 7 assassination of opposition leader and former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto threaten supplies of wheat and other food staples. That may put pressure on the central bank to increase interest rates. All these factors led to the first ever increase in the price of gasoline and diesel in Pakistan in almost twenty two months. This increase took place on the 1st of March 2008 against the last increase that was witnessed in 2006 in the month of May. The price at that time was raised by 4. 2 percent. Before the current implementation of the increment in oil prices the nationwide price of gasoline was 53. 7 rupees per litre whereas the price of diesel was 32. 57 rupees per litre. The announcement regarding the increase in oil prices in Pakistan was made by The Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority. The new prices of gasoline and diesel were increased by 5 Pakistani rupees per litre and 3. 5 Pakistani rupees per litre respectively. The new prices came into effect on 1st March. In June 2008, the headline CPI (Consumer price Index) inflation reached a 30-year high of 21. percent YoY (Year over Year), while food inflation rose to record high of 32 percent. In SBPs (State bank of Pakistan) assessment, the share of structural weaknesses (like energy shortages, supply chain management issues, low productivity etc) dominate the supply side issues compared with the impact of monetary tightening. In order to offset oil prices shocks, the Saudi Government has reportedly decided to give Pakistan a 500 million-dollar grant instead of an oil import facility on one-year deferred payment. If the two countries had agreed on an oil credit facility on one year deferred payment, Saudi Arabia would be providing Pakistan a foreign exchange cushion of six billion dollars. This implicates that Saudi Arabia has agreed to extend a special oil facility to Pakistan (SOF) to the tune of USD $4. 82BN, roughly equating to 110,000 barrels of oil per day or 40 million barrels a year. Apart from this the UAE will continue to provide oil to Pakistan on extended payment terms. Besides, various Saudi companies have also agreed to invest billions of dollars in Pakistan’s infrastructure. The Saudi grant would be the second such concession during the current financial year as the Saudi government had provided 300 million dollars to Pakistan in March to control budgetary gaps. All these announcements should do a lot to boost Pakistan’s economic indicators. For one, it represents almost 50% of the trade deficit and almost instantaneously wipes out the bulk of it. For another, the FDI inflows as a consequence of infrastructure investments will, in the short term, provide additional US$ reserves and in the long term, will add significant capacity to the economy.

Ebola Essays - Medicine, Microbiology, Veterinary Medicine, Ebola

Ebola Virus The Ebola virus (family Filoviridae) responsible for a severe and often fatal haemorrhagic fever; outbreaks in primates as well as in humans have been recorded. The disease is characterised by extreme fever, rash, and profuse haemorrhaging. Fatality rates range from 50 to 90 percent. (1) Ebola was regarded as an epidemic in 1976 when it was discovered along the Ebola River in Zaire. The outbreaks moved throughout Zaire and The Sudan. In 1995 there was another epidemic in Zaire which resulted in hundreds of deaths as did the earlier epidemics. (2) People who contracted the Ebola virus will notice symptoms 4 ? 16 days after they contract the virus. An infected person will suddenly be hit by severe headaches, muscle aches and loss of appetite. Within a few days the virus causes a condition know as ?disseminated intravascular coagulation'. This condition is marked by both blood clots and haemorrhaging. In the case of Ebola fever, clots are concentrated in the liver, spleen, brain, and other internal organs, forcing capillaries to bleed into surrounding tissue. Nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea with blood and mucus, conjunctivitis, and sore throat soon follow. A maculopapular rash (discoloured elevations of the skin) appears on the trunk and quickly spreads to the limbs and head. The patient is then beset by spontaneous bleeding from body orifices and any breaks in the skin, such as injection sites, and within the gastrointestinal tract, skin, and internal organs. Death is usually brought on by haemorrhaging, shock, or renal failure and occurs within 8 to 17 days. (3) Like most viruses, Ebola is usually carried by animals, especially rodents. Ebola can be transmitted through contact with infected blood, semen, body fluids, and possibly urine and respiratory secretions. The virus has also been detected in the organs of patients after recovery from the fever. Unsanitary conditions and lack of adequate medical supplies have been a factor in the spread of the disease. (4) As of yet there is no known cure or treatment for the Ebola Virus. Current therapy consists of maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance and administration of blood and plasma to control bleeding. The spread of the virus can be contained by barrier nursing, handling of infected blood and tissue in isolated laboratory units, and proper decontamination of reusable equipment. (5) There were no statistics available on the Ebola Virus but for each outbreak there has been, at least 300+ people have died each time. (6) Ebola is usually passed through contact with infected blood and body fluid. In some cases the virus has become airborne but has been contained. (7) If you are not living in Zaire near the Ebola river the chances of you contracting Ebola are so remote it isn't even worth considering. But if you did contract it while on a holiday in Africa, the best thing would be to keep away from everyone and ring health authorities as soon as possible.

40 Synonyms for Lie

40 Synonyms for Lie 40 Synonyms for â€Å"Lie† 40 Synonyms for â€Å"Lie† By Mark Nichol Humans may not be the only species capable of deception, but we’re probably the most sophisticated animals when it comes to lying, and our languages contain many words to describe variations of untruth. Here’s a roster of synonyms in English for referring to lies and similar creations: 1. Bluff: a statement intended to deceive or confuse 2. Canard: an unsubstantiated story or report 3. Deceit: a deceptive statement 4. Deception: A statement or action intended to mislead 5. Distortion: a deviation from the true meaning, or an overstatement of proportion 6. Equivocation: a misleading or confusing statement based on the possibility of differing interpretations 7. Exaggeration: an overstatement or overemphasis 8. Fable: a fictitious statement or story, in the sense of something made up to explain or justify an unmerited action or state of affairs 9. Fabrication: a made-up fact or incident 10. Fairy tale: a misleading story, especially a simplistic one that would not be expected to deceive anyone 11. Fallacy: a deceptive or erroneous statement; also, a false idea or a flawed argument 12. Falsehood: something untrue or inaccurate 13. Falsification: an alteration of facts in order to deceive 14. Falsity (see falsehood) 15. Fib: a simple, perhaps transparent lie 16. Fiction: an invented statement or story 17. Half-truth: a statement with some basis in truth that nevertheless serves to deceive 18. Humbug: a false, deceptive, or nonsensical statement 19. Invention: a statement crafted to deceive 20. Jive: a deceptive, insincere, or nonsensical statement 21. Libel: a written or similarly presented lie that defames a person 23. Mendacity: an act of lying 23. Misconception: a poor understanding, perhaps deliberate, of a fact 24. Misinformation: a purported fact presented with the intent to deceive 25. Misinterpretation: a deviation from the facts or from a reasonable analysis of them 26. Misreport: an inaccurate account 27. Misrepresentation: an erroneous or unfair interpretation of facts 28. Misstatement: an inaccurate or erroneous comment 29. Myth: a perpetuated notion, belief, or tradition that is suspect or unfounded 30. Obliquity: a deviation from the truth to obscure or confuse 31. Perjury: a lie presented under oath 32. Pose: a false or deceptive position or self-representation 33. Pretense: an unsupported claim, an insincere purpose or intention, or a superficial effort 34. Prevarication: a deviation from the truth 35. Slander: an injuriously false statement about a person 36. Story: a lie, or a rumor 37. Tale: a false representation 38. Taradiddle: nonsense (also, see fib) 39. Untruth: a deviation from truth or the facts 40. Whopper: an outsized lie Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Writing Prompts 101At Your DisposalCapitalizing Titles of People and Groups

Answer Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Answer Questions - Assignment Example However, the word â€Å"theatre† also acquired different meaning that was also called non-Vitruvian. It appeared when it becomes fashionable to show performances outside. Thus, â€Å"theatre† also meant â€Å"performance†, not building, as performances did not need a construction to be showed in anymore (Anderson 7). The term â€Å"illusionistic perspective background† is used by Anderson, when he wants to explain to readers Sulpicio’s reference to â€Å"painted scene†. According to the author, this reference remains obscure as it was not believable that the theatre of this time used such background (Anderson 5). According, to Anderson, â€Å"theatres† were impermanent in the 16th century mainly because performances were rarely showed in special places for performances, which we call â€Å"theatres† now. Teatro Olimpico remained the only permanent place, but performances were showed rarely even there. If some constructions were created, they were dismantled soon. The word â€Å"theater† still was used as a synonym for the word â€Å"performance† and not â€Å"a building for performances†. Moreover, in the 16th century it was fashionable to invite actors to private houses to see the performance. People preferred performances to be showed in their houses and did not usually visit theaters (Anderson 16). Anderson does not state that â€Å"theatre buildings† were really important for art and its development. He writes about outstanding performances, which were held in 15th and 16th centuries and they did not need any special buildings, they could be held everywhere and this was a real art. I think that art in a free form is more pleasant and this is a great art. Actors worked without any special preparation, they were really gifted people who could start playing their performance at any moment without any special effects and costumes modern actors use. However, I agree with

Mini Case Study Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mini Case Study - Research Paper Example The specialist helps the clients to solve the particular problems by developing various techniques. Question to the Store Manager The store manager has been asked three questions by the performance improvement specialist to get proper information about the growing number of returned merchandises in their electronic store. The first question was asked regarding the service facilities rendered to the customer during purchase of goods and it was found that the customer was not provided with adequate knowledge about the products. The second question was regarding the sales staff qualities in the store and it was found that the staffs lacked in skill and knowledge about the electronic products available in the store. The third question was asked to the store manager about the brand of the electronics products they are using in their retail outlet and it was observed that they deal with the poor quality products and not the renowned brand available in the market. Thus, all these are the ou tcomes of various returned merchandises. Problem Fixation The term ‘return merchandise’ is referred to the return of goods by the recipient to the supplier because of certain problems within the products.

WK 3 DB1 AND 2 SIDS, Morbidity, Mortality, and Associated Costs Coursework

WK 3 DB1 AND 2 SIDS, Morbidity, Mortality, and Associated Costs - Coursework Example SIDS has been identified as the third world chief cause of infant death in the United States. There has been a significant drop in the number of children who die from SIDS because as of 2004 there was a decrease of 0.51% compared to the 1980s where the deaths were at 1.53% per 1000 live births. There has been a continuous drop in the number of infant deaths in Georgia where in 2001 there were 112 deaths from SIDS, which was a decline of 42%, compared to that of 162 deaths in 1990. In my opinion, mothers should be aware of their children sleeping environment and positions to reduce the rate of deaths caused by SIDS. Women’s health is a significant issue in any state because when the state prioritizes on the women’s health they are improving the economy, empowering the women and eradicating poverty and hunger as the women are able to fend for their families. Finances are required to cater for the women’s health there are various financial management techniques that are vital. First, there is the goal setting where the objectives of the department of health in addressing women’s health should be stated explicitly (Gapenski & Pink, 2011). This is because they give a basis as to how much is required to address the issue. Secondly, there should be budgeting skills to establish where the money is going after the goals have been set. Lastly, there is saving money that will be used in the future in case of a situation that is uncalled for and the money be of help. Although this is not an easy technique, it is important because the money comes in handy in the future. An example, the cost- effective plan that can be used to track women’s mortality and Morbidity trends in my state would be registering all women through the Department of Health. This can be done by giving the women of all ages a free clinic and ensuring that all attend (Fogel & Fugate, 2008). However, achieving this can be a challenge and the best way to do it is finding a service that is

Vendor managed inventory in fmcg sector supply chain

Vendor managed inventory in fmcg sector supply chain Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) is a planning and management system in which vendor is fully responsible for the replenishment of inventory based on timely point of sale information to the buyers (retailer) place. This concept helps increases the customer responsiveness by reducing the supply and demand gap thus giving the satisfaction to end customer by increasing availability of the desired product when customer wants it. Supply chain partners must share their vision of demand, requirement and constraint to set the common objectives (Guillaume et al; 2008). Quality of buyer supplier trust and relationship, quality of ICT system and intensity of information sharing has positive impact on VMI implementation (Marloes et al; 2008). Information technology combined with VMI offers a clear view of inventory holding location giving supplier better information for replenishment planning (Malla et al; 2007). Before implementation of VMI, analysis of the level of uncertainty of customer demand is needed as high uncertainty in demand negatively influences the performance attained through VMI (Kazim Sari 2007). Upstream data transferred to suppliers i.e. current inventory level and accurate sales forecast is the most important factor for the successful implementation of VMI (Astrid Vigtil, 2007). Benefits of VMI implementation depend on contextual factors surrounding the implementation and dyadic intentions (Jongk yung et al; 2009). Implementing VMI is not solo effort it can be beneficial if company wide effort is involved (George kuk, 2004). VMI supply chain has improved dynamic response which causes reduction in manufacturing on cost and transportation demand (S.M. Disney et al; 2003). VMI gives benefits to retailer as manufacturer stock more to reduce risk of stock out which in turn reduces retailer holding and shortage cost and increases its profit (Brendra k et al; 2004). Implementation of VMI in FMCG sector of Pakistan is a major challenge for the FMCG companies and the retailers both. Maintaining of high quality error-free service in the dynamic and uncertain environment of Pakistan with lack of ICT infrastructure (information and communication technology) is a huge pressure. Due to heterogeneous customer base complete VMI implementation in this scenario is not possible so FMCG companies need to carry out its operation in both the way i.e. for the both VMI and non VMI customers. For flexible and fast communication between FMCG producers and retail chains proper ICT infrastructure is mandatory. So companies need to invest web-based information transfer systems like EDI (electronic data interchange). Adoption of VMI is not an easy task for companies as it requires heavy investment and commitment of retailers that how much they are willing to share POS information. Before full and final implementation of VMI companies must need to find out the right re tailers to be served and the factors that are acting as a barrier from retailers side as the clear and fault free implementation will have a great influence on future business performance outcomes. Objective of this paper is to find out the suppliers/manufacturer perceived objectives, drivers, obstacles, performance outcomes for implementing VMI in FMCG sector of Pakistan. Organizational objectives => Lead-time reduction, improvement in forecasting accuracy, improvement in customer service improvement in profit margin, improvement in rate of return, increase sales, control of bullwhip effect, Strategic drivers => Competition, shorter product life cycle, global supply chain, corporate restructuring. Obstacles => Ineffective organizational structure, lack of suitable it infrastructure, improper decision-support tool, lack of trust and mutual understanding between supply chain partners, internal/external integration, Performance outcomes => Effective production planning, effective forecasting, effective replenishment, effective inventory control and management, effective logistics and distribution management This paper is organized in sections. Section 1 offers the introduction; section 2 presents the literature review on research practices on VMI; section 3 is comprised of methodology: section 4 consist of data analysis and section 5 draws the conclusion regarding the findings. LITERATURE REVIEW Jan Holmstrom (1998) studied a single case study to analyze the benefits of implementation of SAP R/3 in VMI between vendor and its wholesaler. It is found that administrative cost for vendor product is reduced with reduced delivery cost which in turn gives benefit to end customer through low prices. It is also found that demand variability, inventory level and order per delivery lead time also greatly reduces which give competitive advantage to both vendor and whole seller. It is suggested that full benefit can be attained if vendor extends its number of customers. Sila cetinkaya et al (2000) studied the inventory replenishment and shipment decision in VMI through analytical model. Manufacturer with random demand patterns and retailers dispersed in different geographical areas are taken into account. Manufacturer has the freedom of holding small sized orders and dispatches it until the consolidation volume gathers. It is found that inventory costs are reduced if the inventory and shipments decision optimally coordinated. Susan cohen kulp (2002) studied the impact of internal information (sales and inventory) accuracy and its reliability on supply chain profits in vendor managed inventory. Theoretical models of two system traditional and VMI are analyzed which indicates that the accurate information helps manufacturer to forecast the consumer demand accurately which increases manufacturer and retailer over all profits. Hypothesis was tested through survey of 53 divisions of manufacturers in the FCPG industry. Result shows that use of VMI increases with the detail and reliability of retailers internal information and wholesale prices are lowered with the extent of VMI use. It is suggested that VMI will lead to higher supply chain profits if retailer and manufacturer both are willing to share accurate information and use this information in taking inventory management decisions. Terrance et al (2003) identified the distinction between supplier managed inventory (SMI) vendor managed inventory (VMI) through theoretical framework. Economic value analysis (EVA) is used to determine the non financial benefits and burdens of VMI and SMI implementation and effect of VMI and SMI on enhancement of share holder value.it is suggested that EVA analysis will help manager to identify the opportunities to increase the share holder value across both firms S.M. Disney et al (2003) studied the effect of VMI strategies on transport operation and order batching activities. Three different scenarios traditional, internal consolidation and VMI are modeled through system dynamics methodology and tested through simulation. It was found that VMI supply chain has improved dynamic response which causes reduction in manufacturing on cost and transportation demand. Transportation cost saving in VMI is possible for long term and short term and this saving is not effected by escapable and inescapable cost. This paper may help in developing the policy regarding VMI and supply chain (distribution, production scheduling etc.). S.M. Disney et al (2003) investigated the comparison between VMI and traditional seriously linked supply chain in producing bullwhip effect. Different equations are developed and simulation model testing was applied. Four variables as a source of bullwhip; price variations, rationing and gaming, demand signal processing, and order batching, were tested in traditional and VMI supply chain scenarios. It was found that through VMI supply chain all the variables can be avoided through well designed system. Demand signal processing and order batching can only be eliminated through inventory holding in traditional supply chain. For future it is suggested that VMI would be of greater benefit if the supplier uses inventory and sales information in making production and inventory management decision process. George kuk (2004) investigated the determinants and outcomes of VMI in electronic industry through survey of 94 employees of 25 companies who fully implemented VMI. Four hypotheses were created having 3 independent variables: organization size, number of employees involved in VMI and type of logistic integration, 3 dependent variables: information quality enhancement, service quality improvement and cost reduction. Through ANOVA testing it is analyzed that large level of employee involvement, small size of organization and integrated logistics achieves more benefits of VMI. It is suggested that implementing VMI is not solo effort it can be beneficial if company wide effort is involved. Brendra k et al (2004) investigated how the substitution brand competition gives benefit to retailer in VMI. Two level supply chain is taking having one retailer and 2 manufacturer of competing substitutable brand and through analysis of mathematical model it is found that VMI gives benefits to retailer as compare to non VMI as due to increase competition manufacturer stock more to reduce risk of stock out which in turn reduces retailer holding and shortage cost and increases its profit. For future research it is suggested to include inter retailer intra brand substitution competition. Pamela danese (2006) identified the way to use extended vendor managed inventory (VMI) both upstream and downstream amongst various supply chain partners to organize the information and material flows. Case study analysis approach is used taking supply chain network of leading pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline (GSK). Through collected data it is shown that Information flows among the supply network members, information systems and performance monitoring system are some of the requisite of extended VMI. In GSK Information flow is achieved by EDI system which enhanced the service level, production capacity, and the inventory management. Central information system helps in production planning and order cycle processes in up stream and downstream supply network. Performance monitoring system motivates and improves the performance and allows supply chain members to over come their reluctances to share information. It is suggested that collaborative planning, forecasting and replenish ment (CPFR) should be taken into consider future research on extended VMI. Yuliang Yao et al (2007) explored how supply chain parameters affect the cost saving in VMI and sharing of this benefit between buyer and supplier. Two level supply chain having single supplier and single buyer modeled. Through analysis of model it is found that inventory cost reduction greatly depend on ratio of order cost of supplier to buyer and ratio of carrying cost of supplier to buyer. Buyer takes all the benefits of inventory reduction whereas supplier inventory level may increased which may lead to high logistic cost to supplier side. So its suggested to have side payment arrangement between buyer and supplier to get VMI worked in long run. Malla et al (2007) investigated the impact of VMI model on organizations inventory associated cost. Case study of market leader of tyre manufacturer has taken which has which has largest distribution network across India, USA and UK. Through simulation of model it is found that integration of information technology provide a clear picture of inventory holding locations which helps supplier in planning and replenishment of inventory across supply chain, which reduces bullwhip effect, safety stock and W.I.P and improves customer service. Some of the limitations of this model are high initial investment cost and lack of integration of systems. Astrid Vigtil (2007) investigated the required information exchange in VMI with the support of five buyer-supplier pair in Norwegian geographic. Semi-structured detailed interviews were conducted with the representative of different companies having logistic managerial position or similar. It was concluded through interviews that flow of upstream data is more critical rather than downs-stream data. Visibility of current inventory status and sales forecast are most important factor for suppliers and there is different kind of information needed depends upon operational mode of buyer in make to stock and make to order. In future it is implicated that for the higher efficiency of VMI electronic integration and automatic data transfer should be priorities as it supports supplier in planning of replenishment. Kazim Sari (2007) examined the benefits of VMI in achieving the increased performance through different levels of outside supply capacity, demand uncertainty, and lead time. Data were collected through simulation model; Crystal Ball, an MS Excel add-in. After retrieving data statistical test MANOVA is applied and it was concluded that high uncertainty in customers demand has negative influence on the VMI performance. There is also a direct relationship between the manufacturing capacity of outside supplier and performance of VMI. As long as the ratio between retailer and supplier lead times remains constant the performance level of VMI remain unchanged. For future implication it is recommended that before taking any decision relating VMI implementation it is necessary to conduct cost-benefit analysis if upstream information sharing is poor or customer demand is highly uncertain. Mikael Stahl Elvander et al (2007) proposed the structure for the numerous setups that could be arranged while establishing a VMI system. Semi-structured interviews were conducted from 15 company of Switzerland. Six framework were prepared and tested against the focus group consisted of representative of nine different companies including suppliers and customers who already had implemented VMI, in workshop. Through workshop it was deduce that there are a number of different ways in which VMI system can be configured, that will limit a suppliers likelihood to employ the information made accessible through VMI. It is suggested that the challenges related to operation and management may differ in different VMI system configuration. This should be taken into consideration in order to find best optimal VMI system configuration. Atul B. Borade Satish V. Bansod (2008) studied motives, drivers, obstacles and benefits of VMI practices in e-environment. Key variables were compared between small and large Indian industry questionnaires were filled by 112 large companies and 86 small companies and hypothesis was tested through independent sample t-test. It was resulted that motives, drivers, obstacles and benefits are considerably different for small and large enterprises while adopting VMI. It was found that the major objective for SMEs is profit improvement and for large companies is improved customer service. Driver for SMEs is competition and for large companies it is global supply chain. Obstacle in implementing VMI for SMEs is lack of IT infrastructure and for large companies is lack of trust between supply chain partners. Objective for SMEs is profit improvement and for large companies is improved customer service. Benefits gain for SMEs is better forecasting and for large companies is improved logistic an d distribution management. It is suggested that IT can gives companies advantages to maximize end consumer value and reduce operating expense as it gives the real time information of marketing conditions. Guillaume Marques et al (2008) examined the integrated view of the VMI. Outside the short term pull system inventory replenishment, partners have to share their demand forecast, requirements and their limitations to fix middle/long term common objectives. In order to conduct the study 28 articles were review and it was concluded that there was no doubt about the real application of VMI in industry. What clearly is VMI and how can it be correctly implement in supply chain is not clear. It cannot be justify whether VMI is a model, a process, a strategy, a relationship, a link. Juhwen Hwang, Su-Hwa Wu and Yu-Yen Huang (2008) studied the supplier performance enhancement in term of total relevant cost/unit. Three different models were proposed for single supplier with heterogeneous retailers, one is uncooperative model with independent inventory management system, second model was VMI model in which supplier is responsible for inventory replenishment order cost and certain degree of holding cost and third model was VMI/CRE model, in which VMI is combined with CRE (common replenishment epochs) strategy. Data was analyzed through Algorithm and numerical experimental design and it was concluded that VMI and VMI/CRE results are significant for supplier performance as compared with uncooperative model. For the future implication it is suggested that the supplier are required to provide incentives such as price discounts to compensate the losses which are bear by retailers so that aligning ordering schedules with CRE. Marloes J. T. Claassen et al (2008) studied the perspective of buyer in term of benefit gained through VMI. Research model was formulated having four key variables; quality of ICT system, quality of information, intensity of information sharing and relationship quality. Sample of 64 Dutch buyer responded through email and model was tested through Partial Least Square (PLS) technique. It was resulted that the quality of the buyer-supplier relation, quality of IT-system and intensity of service level has an impact on buyer-perceived VMI benefits and it is not impacted by actual quality of the information shared. Furthermore three outcomes of VMI performance are higher customer service level, efficient control over supply chain and cost reduction to some extent. It is proposed that the primary benefit of VMI implementation is not cost reduction; it is high customer service level and supply chain control which can be obtained through better relationship with supplier and efficient IT inf rastructure. Jouni Kauremaa et al (2009) found out the types of benefits of VMI program and its sharing at the five levels (supplier vs. buyer). An exploratory multiple case study research methodology was used. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interview from five operational levels. It is concluded that for buyer and supplier, VMI can lead to strategic and operational benefit both which is depending on pair intentions and contextual factors surrounding the given application. It is suggested that with the help of contextual factors VMI system can be designed with more accurate and perfect implementation targets. Kari Tanskanen et al (2009) investigated the challenges faced by the construction industry at corporate level to manage logistics and to evaluate VMI as a solution of logistics for small items. Three residential house construction companies were elected located in Helsinki, quantitative and qualitative data were collected through web cameras observations and interviews. Percentage analysis was applied on quantitative data and on the bases of outcomes it was concluded that VMI is a suitable solution for small item logistics for the construction companies. For future it is implicated to work on other industries located in different geographical location. Jongkyung Park et al (2009) investigated a framework for integrative SRM (supplier relation ship management) system by exploring broad approaches to overall SRM functions. Frame work includes five stages: Setting up of purchasing strategies, Selection of a supplier, Cooperation, supplier valuation and enhancement and endowment of continuous improvement. For this past studies related to SRM were examined and a framework for an integrative SRM system was recommended through which a case study was performed constructed on the systematic hierarchy procedure with a field survey. Results shows that the benefits of SRM can be obtained through the suggested framework and it is applicable to real fields through application case. It is recommended that this framework will help purchasing manager to analyze strategic features of SRM before and during the SRM system operation. Francesco Zammori et al (2009) identified the standard configuration of a vendor managed inventory (VMI) contract which will be a building block for the initial explanation of the agreement. For this study an Italian plant was selected as an ideal candidate because of complexity of its manufacturing process and the data in the form of the information flow and the technical specifics which are critical before any operational setup are recognized and discussed and formed as parameters for the explanation of the elementary frame of the agreement. It is revealed that VMI agreement should be organized into segments by having generic and legal sides and official aspects included in the annexes. This will increases the flexibility of agreement As VMI relationship progresses with the time.it is proposed that this flexible structure of VMI agreement can be easily implemented by several industrial fields. Atul et al (2010) studied the difference in the practices of VMI in small and large Indian industry. Key variables were objective, drivers, obstacles and impact of VMI in large and small Indian industries, questionnaires were filled by 98 large companies and 63 small companies and hypothesis was tested through independent sample t-test. It was resulted that objectives, strategic drivers, obstacles and affected operational areas are considerably different for small and large enterprises while adopting VMI. It was also found that the major objectives for adopting VMI are customer service and profit improvement. For future it is recommended that the research should be perform on more variables and for other geographical (culture) areas. METHODOLOGY Data were collected through primary source and research approach to be of qualitative in nature as the aim of this paper is to explore the supplier perception and opinion about implementation of VMI in FMCG companies operating in Pakistan. Exploratory semi structured interviews had been conducted with the key person of FMCG companies working in Pakistan. Then through the inductive reasoning observation will be analyzed and the theory is be generated.

Living With Endometriosis Essay -- Diseases, Disorders

Endometriosis is one of the most common gynecological disorders which affect 5.5 million women in the U.S. and 176 million women worldwide. It is a chronic disorder found within the pelvic area of women. This disease is found to affect women of all ethnic and social backgrounds. While it has not yet been determines exactly what causes endometriosis there seems to be certain trends that may contribute to this disease. There also seems to be a link this being a hereditary disease. Symptoms can vary widely from case to case which can sometimes make it hard to diagnose endometriosis in the beginning. Endometriosis has 4 stages or classifications which are minimal, mild, moderate and severe which are used to describe the anatomic location and the severity of the disorder. Symptoms can be as minimal as mild cramping and be as devastating as infertility. There is no known cure for endometriosis but women do have treatment options to relieve the pain and to help with fertility problems tha t may be a result of endometriosis. The only true way to diagnose endometriosis is by performing a pelvic laparoscopy. But ultrasound is a way to pick up on signs of endometriosis. Endometriosis is a chronic, progressive disorder in which tissue resembling the inner lining of the uterus known as endometrium grows and appears at unusual locations in the lower abdominal cavity. It is a condition that occurs when the endometrium, tissue that lines the inside of the uterus, grows outside of the uterus. During your menstrual cycle the endometrium thickens to get ready for the egg. If the egg is fertilized, it will attach to the endometrium and begin to grow. If the egg is not fertilized, the endometrium breaks down and is flushed from your body as blood ... ...unction. St. Louis: Saunders, 2004. Depot, Lupron. Endometriosis Treatment. Abbott Park: Abbott, 2010. Kowalczyk, Nina, and James Mace. Radiographic Pathology for Technologists. St. Louis: Mosby Elsevier, 2009. Kurjak, Asim, and Frank Chervenak. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Panama City: Jaypee, 2004. Metzger, Deborah, and Howard Reisman, and Stuart Schultz. Managing Endometriosis. San Bruno: StayWell, 2000. Mosbys Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing & Health Professions. St. Louis: Mosby Elsevier, 2009. S, Kennedy . Endometriosis Global Forum for News and Information. 23 Jan. 2011. 11 Feb. 2012. . Storck, Susan. "Endometriosis." PubMed Health. 25 Jul. 2011. . Trivedi, Dr. Ravi K. Personal interview. 11 Feb. 2012.

The Lorax Reaction Paper

The Lorax A. Summary Theodore â€Å"Ted† Wiggins, an idealistic 12-year-old boy, lives in â€Å"Thneedville†, a walled city that, aside from the citizens, is completely artificial: everything is made of plastic, metal, or synthetics. Ted sets out to find a  real  tree for his friend Audrey. His energetic grandmother suggests he speak with the Once-ler about this, and he discovers that their city has been closed off from the outside world, which is a contaminated and empty wasteland. The Once-ler agrees to tell Ted about the trees if he listens to his story over multiple visits.Ted agrees, even after the mayor of Thneedville, Aloysius O'Hare, who is also the greedy proprietor of a bottled  oxygen  company, confronts the boy and pressures him to stay in town. Over the course of the movie, Ted, with the encouragement of his grandmother, continues to sneak out of O'Hare's sight and learns more of the history of the trees. Over the visits, the Once-ler recounts the s tory of how he departed his family to make his fortune. In a lush Truffula Tree forest, he met the Lorax.He is a grumpy yet charming orange creature who served as guardian of the land. At first, the Once-ler had a plan to chop down the trees. Eventually, he promised not to chop another tree down. The young businessman's Thneed invention soon became a major success and the Once-ler's family arrived to participate in the business. Keeping his promise at first, the Once-ler continued Thneed production by harvesting the tufts themselves in a sustainable manner. Unfortunately, his greedy and lazy relatives convinced him to resume logging as a more efficient gathering method.Breaking his promise, the Once-ler's  deforestation  spiraled into a mass overproduction. Flush with wealth, the Once-lerrationalized his short sighted needs into arrogant self-righteousness and the helpless protests of the Lorax could not stop him. The Once-ler polluted the sky, river and landscape, until finally the last Truffula Tree fell outside, and the Once-lerrealized what he had done while making the region uninhabitable with his business's pollution.With that, the Once-ler was left ruined and abandoned by his own family and became a  recluse  with the creation and solation of Ted's town that came under young Mr. O'Hare's control, giving him the plan to sell fresh air with the absence of trees. Eventually, the Lorax sends the animals away before departing himself into the sky, leaving a stonecut word: â€Å"Unless†. At the end of the story, the Once-ler understands the meaning behind the Lorax's last message, and gives Ted a gift of the last Truffula seed in hopes of planting it to regrow the forest. Ted's desire to impress Audrey is now a personal mission to remind his town of the importance of nature.O'Hare, determined not to have trees undercut his business, takes heavy-handed steps such as covering Audrey's nature paintings, closing off the door that Ted uses to see th e Once-ler and forcibly searching Ted's room for the seed. Ted enlists his family and Audrey to help plant the seed, which has begun to germinate after coming into contact with water. O'Hare and his employees pursue the  dissidents  until they manage to elude him and reach the town center. Unfortunately, their attempt to plant the seed is interrupted by O'Hare who rallies the population to stop them.To convince them otherwise, Ted takes an  earthmover  and rams down a section of the city wall to reveal the environmental destruction outside. Horrified at the sight and inspired by Ted's conviction, the crowd defies O'Hare with his own henchmen expelling him from the town. The seed is planted, and Audrey kisses Ted on the cheek. Time passes and the land is starting to recover; the trees are regrowing, the animals are returning, and the redeemed Once-ler is happily reunited with the Lorax. B. SettingThe story took place in â€Å"Thneedville†, a walled city that, aside fro m the citizens, is completely artificial: everything is made of plastic, metal, or synthetics. The setting is a polluted town where trees don't grow and fresh air is sold in jars. C. Characters Ted- a young boy who is out to win the heart of his pretty neighbor Audrey. He has a caring and innocent nature, and he is moved by the story the Once-ler tells. He is also a resourceful and determined kid, so he continues to fight for the chance to see a real tree, even when he is threatened by the greedy businessman O'Hare.Audrey- an artistic girl who wants nothing more than to see a real tree. When she conveys her dream to Ted, he determines to make sure her dream comes true. Grammy Norma- Ted's grandmother tells Ted to go outside the town and speak with the Once-ler and learn about what happened to the trees. Once-ler–started out as a musically talented and good-natured guy. But, when he refuses to heed the warnings of the Lorax, the Once-ler makes a decision that leads him down a dark and greedy road full of regret. The Lorax- a grumpy but charming orange creature who speaks for the trees.Although he sounds quite gruff, he has a lot of love packed into his little body. He even finds a way to have compassion for the Once-ler, who refuses to heed the Lorax's warnings. Mr. Aloysius O’Hare- the mayor of Thneedville and head of the â€Å"O'Hare Air† company  who doesn’t want the trees to come back because they would ruin his business, which is selling bottled air. D. Problem / Conflict The conflict of the story is the Lorax, who clearly symbolizes Mother Nature’s response to our own abuse of the environment.The Lorax literally speaks for both the trees and the animals of the land. He repeatedly warns Once-ler of the damage he is doing just like Mother Nature warns us when we damage the environment. The Bar-ba-loots are the first among the native animals to get pushed out by the destruction done by Once-ler. The other animals flee as a result of the pollution, and each are clearly presented by the Lorax as a warning to Once-ler, just as Mother nature presents us with the warnings of red tides, ozone pollution, and increasing numbers of endangered species. E.Resolution The boy obviously symbolizes the story’s solution to the problem created by the Once-lers of our world. The story opens with the curious boy who asks questions and is willing to pay the price to learn the answers. He represents the hope of the next generation. He listens to the Once-ler’s entire story showing how much he cares about the knowledge that Once-ler can give him. When Once-ler finishes the story, he willingly accepts the challenge of repairing the land of the Truffula as is seen when he raises his hands to catch the last Truffula seed.Seuss demonstrates his belief that today’s children truly are the solution to our own environmental issues by allowing that boy to be the spark that helps Once-ler figure out the puzzli ng message left by the Lorax. When he sees the potential represented by the boy, he willingly offers both resources and advice to make the boy’s challenge possible. F. Moral Lesson The  movie has a strong environmental theme. In today’s â€Å"disposable â€Å"generation the value of things is greatly diminished. Children grow up with abundance of â€Å"stuff† and food and quickly learn that â€Å"it’s easier to buy a new one that to fix the old one. The movie stresses the importance of valuing things and the negative aspects of wasting. It is about the power of one person to change the world and make a difference. It takes the audience in and makes the audience think about what the future might look like as we continue on the path of environmental destruction.The movie asks the audience to dream bigger and to reach for the impossible. A young boy living in a polluted town visits a strange reclusive man called the Once-ler â€Å"on the far end of tow n where the Grickle-grass grows†¦ n the Street of the Lifted Lorax†, who never appears in full onscreen; only his limbs are shown. The boy pays the Once-ler fifteen cents, a nail, and the shell of a great-great-great grandfather snail to explain why the area is in such a run-down state. The Once-ler explains to the boy (shown in  flashback) that he arrived in a beautiful, pristine valley containing happy, playful fauna that spent their days romping around blissfully among â€Å"Truffula trees†. The Once-ler proceeded to cut down the Truffula trees to gather raw material to knit â€Å"Thneeds,† a comically versatile invention of his, â€Å"which everyone needs†.Thneeds can be used as a shirt, a sock, a glove, a hat, a carpet, a pillow, a sheet, or a curtain. By cutting down the tree, however, he summoned the titular Lorax, who was â€Å"shortish and oldish and brownish and mossy †¦ with a voice that was sharpish and bossy†, to appear from the stump of a Truffula tree. He â€Å"speaks for the trees, for the trees have no tongues† and warned the Once-ler of the consequences of cutting down the truffula trees, but the Once-ler ignored him, instead calling his relatives to come and work in his factory.Soon the once beautiful area became choked with pollution and the Lorax sent away the fauna to find more hospitable habitats. Confronted by the Lorax, the Once-ler declared his intention to keep â€Å"biggering† his operations, but at that very moment, they â€Å"heard the tree fall. The very last Truffula tree of them all. † Without raw materials, his factory shut down; without the factory, his relatives left. Then the Lorax, silently, with one â€Å"very sad, sad backward glance†, lifted himself by the seat of his pants and flew away through the clouds.The Once-ler lingered on in his crumbling residence, living in seclusion and remorse, while pondering over a message the Lorax left behind: a s tone slab etched with the word â€Å"Unless†. In the present, the Once-ler says that he now realizes that the Lorax means that  unless  someone cares, the situation will not improve. The Once-ler then gives the boy the last Truffula seed and tells him to plant it, saying that â€Å"Truffula Trees are what everyone needs† and hoping that, if the boy grows a whole forest of the trees, â€Å"the Lorax, and all of his friends may come back. â€Å"

the mexican war essays

the mexican war essays From the research detected in the articles and in the book, both the U.S. and Mexico are at fault for the start of the Mexican War. In 1820, some Americans led by Stephen Austin went to Texas to settle. The Mexican Government said they could settle there as long as they obeyed two laws, one was to pay the Mexican taxes and the other was to convert their religion to Catholicism. By 1833, there were about 35,000 American settlers in Texas. They werent obeying the laws either. The Mexican government was against the Texas settlers bringing slaves into Texas, but the Americans did anyways because they didnt want to waste $1,000. Santa Anna the new dictator of Mexico began to clamp down on the Texas settlers and threatened to use Military force to make the Americans obey the laws. In 1836, Santa Anna led several thousand troops to meet the 150 Americans and the Americans had to take refuge inside the walls of the Alamo. Santa Anna first bombed the inside, and then sent troops climbing over the walls to kill the Americans. Santa Anna was now in pursuit of Sam Houston and his 700 Texans. The forces met at San Jacinto. The Americans pulled off a surprise attack and won. Santa Anna was captured and signed the treaty that gave Texas its independence. On March 1, 1845 Texas tried to become part of the U.S. John Tyler tried to convince Congress and finally Texas was annexed as a slave state. Mexico had a problem with the boundaries though. Mexico still thought they had control of Texas, even after losing at San Jacinto. Mexico then stopped talking with the U.S. The U.S. regarded war with indifference, while Mexico had inability to inflict serious injury upon it. The U.S. sent Sidell to Mexico City to talk about the border, but Sidell was not received. Mexico wanted Nueces River as the boundary, but the U.S. wanted the Rio Grande as the boundary. Polk ordered troops to North Bank of the Rio Grande. 63 Americans w ...

Outsourcing And Its Advantage And Disadvantage Essays - Outsourcing

Outsourcing And Its Advantage And Disadvantage Essays - Outsourcing Outsourcing And Its Advantage And Disadvantage Introduction : Nowadays, many organisation are outsourcing their non- core activities to an external agents. Distribution is one of these activities as distribution consider as a non-core activity for many firms. Although, there are many advantage for outsourcing, there are also risks and disadvantage in this process. In this essay I would explain the term outsourcing and explain why organisations are preferring to outsource some of its functions in todays environment. Also, in this essay it has been tried to analysis the advantage and disadvantage of the outsourcing process and its risks towards the organisation. The word outsourcing could be described as the contractual relationship with a specialised outside service provider for work traditionally done in-house. Outsourcing could also be defined as the use of external agents to perform one or more organisational activities. In the last decade or so there has been a trend, particular among large scale companies, to hand over the whole or part of the distribution function to the external agents. One should emphasis that outsourcing is an issue that is not specific to distribution. Many other organisational functions, such as information system, building maintenance, etc, have been outsource for many years in organisations. There are different reasons for organisations outsourcing their distribution function. More and more organisations today face a dynamic and changing environment. This, in turn, is requiring these organisations to adapt. Competition is also changing. The global economy means that competitors are likely to come from across the ocean as from across town. Successful organisations will be the ones that can change in response to the competition and changing environment. In other words, they will be flexible. Therefore, todays organisation stand in sharp contrast to the typical bureaucratic organisations that have many vertical levels of management and where control is sought through ownership. In such organisations, Research and Development are done in-house, production occurs in company-owned plants, and sales and distribution are performed by the companys own employees. To support all this, management has to employ extra personal including accountants, human

The Significance of Kafka's The City Coat of Arms Essay

The Significance of Kafka's The City Coat of Arms - Essay Example The essay "The Significance of Kafka's The City Coat of Arms" analyzes a short story "The City Coat of Arms" written by Franza Kafka. It unveils layers of concepts and phenomena. It is unimaginable yet brilliant how such a miniature of the textual piece may have such a broad range of interpretations. The significance of the story ‘The City Coat of Arms’ lies in the multitude of phenomena it touches upon ranging from a diversity of human existence to common purpose of living to even larger than life realities, and yet converging the ideas in a simple notion of creation which is the essence of human existence. In other words, the significance of the work of Kafka lies in the connotation and explanation of the idea of creation and further explaining how every individual in this world is indulged in the act of creating something. The idea centers around a diverse array of an issue like how humans are divided along a range of societal and other logistical identities. The stor y touches upon how when this diverse array of individuals are engaged in some common act, there are difficulties and differences, yet the common ground is reached at a point often by virtue of consensus. Also, the story talks about larger than life realities, for instance, the construction of the Tower of Babel is itself an extraordinary idea since its purpose is to reach heaven. This serves an immense philosophical purpose since various arguments about bureaucratic culture can be explained with the help of the ideas propagated in the story.

Conversation with globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Conversation with globalization - Essay Example At first glance, it actually seems that globalization can become one powerful tool to gain better understanding and appreciation of different cultures, and break historically-rooted cultural stereotypes, given that globalization has enabled different peoples around the world to know more about the culture and way of life that other people from other corners of the globe possess. The sad thing is, despite the opportunities that globalization has offered for people to understand and appreciate more other cultures and other ways of life, it has even fostered adverse reactions among other people, wherein certain cultural groups now even identify themselves in a way that they are able to perceive themselves as opposed to others; in other words, despite globalization, other cultural groups reacted in a way that they would like to differentiate themselves from other cultures (in a negative way), and make this differentiation the defining aspect of their own culture. This attitude only breed s suspicion and misunderstanding between different cultures. Take for instance the division between â€Å"pro-soccer† and â€Å"anti-soccer† Americans as described in the work of Franklin Foer (Foer 235-248). According to Foer, globalization has actually failed some of its expectations, both economically and culturally, given that majority of the world’s nations remain poor, and that some cultures actually fear that â€Å"globalized culture† will eventually erode their own unique cultural identities (Foer 4). In order to illustrate the failures of globalization, particularly in its failure to promote the homogenization of culture (and even attracted the reversion to old cultural identities and hostility to other cultures), Foer actually used the ever famous worldwide sport of soccer (Foer 235). Looking at the feud between pro-soccer and anti-soccer Americans, Foer actually found out that Americans who hate soccer even stated that â€Å"that hating soccer is more American than apple pie, driving a pickup, or spending Saturday afternoons channel surfing with the remote control†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Foer 240), and that â€Å"people with actual power believe that soccer represents a genuine threat to the American way of life† (Foer 240-241). In fact, as Foer wrote, â€Å"The former Buffalo Bills quarterback Jack Kemp, one of the most influential conservatives of the 1980s, a man once mentioned in the same breath as the presidency holds this view. In 1986, he took to the floor of the United States Congress to orate against a resolution in support of an American bid to host the World Cup. Kemp intoned, â€Å"I think it is important for all those young out there, who someday hope to play real football, where you throw it and kick it and run with it and put it in your hands, a distinction should be made that football is democratic, capitalism, whereas soccer is a European socialist [sport].’’ (Foer 241) In this case, it can be seen that despite the windows that globalization has opened, particularly in letting other people see the dynamics of other cultures, or even other pastimes for this matter, some cultural groups actually resist

Personal Biography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Personal Biography - Essay Example When other girls of my age found their happiness in malls and shopping, I doodled, painted and played games with my brothers to get mine. Even though no one ever believed in me, I wanted to get into my dream school, pursue designing and aimed to become an amazing and inspirational designer someday. I never got any computer training during my school time in Jakarta but I was aware how relevant computers were today in the world of fashion and hence I self-taught myself to understand and use applications such as Photoshop from different forums and mediums such as the internet. I held onto my dream of becoming a designer and inspired myself constantly. After completing my high school, I shifted to Los Angeles to continue my degree in a community college because my parents were reluctant to let me take up art. However, my dream never left me and I was sure someday they would realize that art was the only thing that I wanted to do. Soon enough they understood the fact that designing was my sole passion and therefore allowed me to follow my dream of going to FIDM and taking up design. That was the happiest day of my life when finally my dreams were given wings and there are no words to thank my parents who gave me the much needed support. Every day that I spend at FIDM energizes me to reach my goal of becoming successful and inspiring others to become creative and finally making my parents proud without whom it would have been impossible to be the person that I am

European History Essay Example for Free

European History Essay During the time period of the late sixteenth century to the late eighteenth century the concept of what nobility is and what it was conceived to be varied greatly as more modern thoughts developed and desperation of monarchs grew to meet such demand. The arguments related to nobility differed greatly, but these were the most crucial; the difference between the sword and the robe and the right to even hold such a position at all. The nobles from military decent (the sword) have an extensive lineage that allows them to perform certain tasks as described by Jean de La Taille in the poem â€Å"The Retired Courtier,† the words speak of the need to be a noble, to be a pure noble, to hold the position of a courtier [Doc 1]. King Louis XIII has proclaimed in the Declaration of Duels and Affairs of Honor that nobles bought into the nobility are wasting time fighting with the nobles of military decent should rather have spent that energy defending the country that gives them such authority in the first place [Doc 6]. King Louis XIII only wants the political emancipation from such a minor distraction as this controversy caused such a up roar of the masses. Gilles Andre de La Roque said, â€Å"You can’t just earn the title of nobility because you lack the family necessary for it† [Doc 9]. On that note, note everyone had the exact same idea as to what makes a noble, a noble. Marc-Antoine Millotet supported the rights of being a robe nobleman being that it was acquired by law, so as to make it just [Doc 7]. This belief was most likely due to the fact that he was a Judge thus, influencing the idea of law. Moliere created the scene in â€Å"Dom Juan† that nobility is not earned through birth, but by the actions of ced person [Doc 8]. He could have possibly thought that this because of his non-nobility status and his role thespianism, meaning only nobles would watch plays anyways. King Louis XVI changed the way the monarchy viewed the rights to nobility by stating you don’t have to fight in war to gain noble recognition any nobility involvement will do [Doc 10]. Although, people feuded about which noble was the right noble some didn’t even believe it should exist. Pierre de La Primaudaye thought nobility needed self-worth before such nobility were to even be inherited; he said you need to contribute to the family name [Doc 2]. Villagers of Mondeville in a testimony to the Parlement that nobility isn’t a perfect breed they shouldn’t hold such prestige over other people, saying that Pierre Morin believed his noble status gives him the right to mistreat anyone who is not royal or noble [Doc 3]. Henry, Prince of Conde spoke about the current nobility buying their way into offices, saying that there is no reward for virtue or tradition of family since all power now belongs to favors, alliances, kinship, and money [Doc 4]. Henry perhaps felt a need to say what was on his mind as he saw the immediate nobility change in the court around him causing much stress and indifference. Over the period of the late sixteenth century to the late eighteenth century nobility changed its influences on the public and the royal court this led to arguments such as the difference of the sword and robe nobles to the idea of not having nobles at all. This controversy will continue as the struggle for power continues in the higher classes in European governments or when the idea of monarchy ends entirely.

Unemployment in Hong Kong :: Economics, Unemployment Essays

Introduction The unemployment rate became a hot topic in the past few months when it rose to 3.5 per cent, a recent high for almost 10 years. The jobless rate was higher than the 3.2 per cent unemployment rate recorded in the May to July period. The underemployment rate in the June to August period rose to 2.5 per cent from 2.3 per cent in the May to July period. Until recently, most workers who lost their jobs were from the manufacturing sector. They were middle-aged factory workers with few skills and little education. But in recent months a large number of employees have been laid off in the retail and restaurant businesses. Unemployment has spilled over to the service sector from manufacturing sector. Hong Kong is facing a prolonged economic downturn. The high unemployment rate has raised many social and economic problems. For example, the number of people who commit suicide is increased. It is because more people had lost their jobs for a long time. It is a serious threat to the lives of the poor. The unemployed people may also feel that it is unmeaningful to live. As a result, they will commit suicide to solve the problem. Moreover, the high unemployment rate results in the increase of the rate of crime. There was an unemployed man who stole rice because he was too hungry and he did not have money to even buy food! We can know how serious the unemployment rate is. By the way, higher unemployment rate causes lower purchasing power of people. A lot of kinds of business are affected. Many people lose confidence in economics of Hong Kong. They do not believe unemployment will be improved. Some say that the Government should provide immediate assistance for the jobless. Some also say unemployment is due to the attraction of cheap labor across the border. The Government can no longer play the role of a bystander. All of these above show the influence of the unemployment. In spite of how many people who have talked about the topic of unemployment, everyone will be concerned about this topic. The following sections will analyze this hot topic. Reasons for unemployment in Hong Kong 1. Faster growth in total labor supply relative to that of total employment In 1993 and 1994, the increase in Hong Kong labor force is 2.9% and 3.5% respectively. At the end of 1993, the total labour supply is 2 970 000. Change in the total labour supply is determined by the population growth, total employment and the emigration condition. If the population growth and the total

A constitutional right? :: essays research papers fc

A constitutional Right?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Carl T Bogus, the author of a 1992 article, â€Å" The Strong Case for Gun Control†, explains to the reader of the importance and relevance of tougher and more strict gun control laws in local governments today. Bogus begins by telling of the recent rise in school shootings and violent crimes in the united states. He explains that in 1998, more than four thousand children were killed by guns, and it took a string of school related shootings to bring that fact to the attention of the public. 34 thousand people were killed in total, and over sixty thousand were held at gunpoint. In order to explain and prove his theories, Bogus goes on to compare two cities with similar crime rates, economies, nationalities, and entertainment values, but very different ways on controlling guns. Seattle Washington , and Vancouver British Columbia are only 140 mile apart, but they both have different views on how to control the way guns are used in there city. Seattle requires only a five day waiting period to purchase a hand gun, while Vancouver requires a permit and a VALID excuse to own a handgun. Due to the difference in laws, 41 percent of all Seattle’s population own handguns, while only 12 percent of Vancouver’s population own handguns. It isn’t hard to see that it would be harder for anybody who shouldn’t have a weapon to stumble across a handgun in Vancouver than in Seattle.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bogus then goes on to explain a new law taken into effect in the District of Colombia not too long ago. Residents who currently lived in D.C. would have sixty days   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   to register there handguns, and after the time period was up, newly acquired handguns became illegal. But, rifles and shotguns could still be purchased and owned after the time period ran out. The result of the new law came out with results that surprised a lot of people. There was a 25 percent drop in gun related homicides and a 23 percent drop in gun related suicides. While D.C. experienced such a significant drop in gun related crimes, surrounding cities experienced no significant change in their rates. Just another reason to believe that even local gun laws can lead to safer cities and homes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Daniel D. Polsby, the author of the article, â€Å" The False Promise of Gun Control† Focuses on how tougher gun control laws make it harder for regular people to defend themselves, and easier for criminals to get what they want.

Assignment One Personal Development Essay

1.Brief Introduction (300 words) I am employed by the a Policy & Planning Manager within the Fitness to Practise Directorate to an Assistant Director. In my annual appraisal last year, my line manager raised concerns regarding my communication skills, specifically around tone and political sensitivity, which were regarded as impacting on my ability to build effective relationships. As a result, I have chosen to use this exercise as an opportunity to develop an up-to-date picture of my relationship building skills within the hierarchical and collaborative working culture of the . To this end, I developed a Personal Effectiveness Questionnaire, which I circulated to a range of senior colleagues with whom I have regular contact in a one-to-one and group context. To increase the response rate to the questionnaire ( a copy which is included as supporting evidence), and in recognition of the fact my target audience are bombarded with electronic information and are therefore likely to ignore an email, I chose to circulate this confidentially, through the internal mail. Respondents were asked to complete the questionnaire and return to me anonymously. I also invited respondents who felt they had issues that they would like to discuss further, to contact me to arrange a confidential chat, however nobody took up this opportunity, which may be an indicator either of their workload, or my approachability. I also used a variety of other investigation methods, including Myers Briggs and Belbin’s team role questionnaires, self-assessment, and reflection on a range of management model reading materials supplied by the CMI website, to understand how this might be applied to interpret my own behaviour and management style. I also reflected on my notes from previous appraisal meetings, informal and formal feedback from my manager and Professional Insight coach over the past twelve months. 2.Presentation slides (please see enclosed) 3.Presentation notes (2, 200 words) 3a.Range of skills (i)Leadership & Management Style (150 words) To get an overview of my preferred leadership and management style, I considered the results of a Myers Briggs assessment which I completed during a recent Change Management course. The results of this showed my self-assessed type to be INTJ and my reported type to be ESTJ. I thought that it was interesting that the personality traits that were most consistently featured, were Thinking and Judging. I think that this reflects the fact that a strong tendency towards planning and critical thinking underpins my management style. I also found interesting that when I circulated the personal effectiveness questionnaire, a number of colleagues independently volunteered remarks in the free text comments box at the bottom of the questionnaire, to the effect that I had a reputation for ‘getting things done.’ I feel that this observation, given in a free and unprompted context, is of particular significance as it is therefore likely to reflect their true opinion of me. An ability to ‘see things through to completion’ and to be a driving force within projects, is something which I have also identified through self-assessment, to be a definitive characteristic of my management style. This focus on the timely completion of projects is in line with Belbin’s team role, Completer/Finisher. I was interested to find that I also identified with the weaknesses of this ‘team role’ as defined in CMI management theory summary, as I have observed that my tendency to worry can be an annoyance to colleagues. I recognize that one of my key development goals should be to be more measured in my approach to escalating and communicating risks or outstanding tasks. (ii). Team Management (300 words) Blake & Moulton identified two drivers of managerial behaviour: concern for getting the job done and concern for the people involved. These factors influence the manager’s style. I have undertaken a self-assessment using Blake’s managerial grid and have identified the ‘Team Management’ approach as my preferred style. This involves high level of concern for the task and low for people, which is seen by some organisations as very effective. However, I also realise that this may not be in step with the culture of my present employer, which in certain contexts promotes a more collegiate style of working. I have identified two management styles which I think are more commonly exhibited within the culture of this organisation: ‘Authority-Obedience’ – high levels of concern for both task and people. This represents quite a controlling style, but runs the risk of damaging relationships. ‘Country Club Leadership’ – high levels of concern for people and low for task. This is seen as accommodating – it may create a warm and friendly working environment but a the cost of getting the job done effectively. I do not have the positional power to exert an ‘authority-obedience’ managerial style, though I am working within a culture which sometimes draws upon this. As there is an expectation of me to get jobs done reasonably efficiently, with the involvement and co-operation of other people, I realise that it would probably be more effective to strive for a management approach that is more ‘Middle of the Road.’ Middle of the Road involves a moderate level of concern for task and people. ‘Adequate performance is achieved by balancing the necessity of getting work done with maintaining morale at a satisfactory level.’ (iii)Managing your time and workload (400 words) Research by Francis-Smythe & Robertson (1996) shows that individual preferences about how we deal with five aspects of time, defines our own unique ‘time personality’. These five categories are: planning, punctuality, impatience, time awareness and polychronicity (multi-tasking). I decided to explore this theory by using it to categorise and self-access my own preferred behaviours, to help me better understand my strengths and weaknesses in this area. Planning – I think I have a strong preference for planning ahead. I write to-do lists every day before I leave work, in order of priority, to remind me what I need to do as soon as I get in the next day. This helps me to manage stress, by avoiding a last minute panic. It would be helpful for me to develop better strategies for coping with events that occur off-plan, or when deadlines are missed or rushed. Punctuality – I have a tendency to be late. I prefer to work flexibly, and I am more effective if I feel in control of my day. I feel very stressed if I am late for something important. I try to manage this by avoiding early morning meetings. Polychronicity – I prefer to have lots of tasks on the go at the same time, keeping everything moving forwards in small, manageable stages. I am good at prioritising and multi-tasking. Time-awareness – I have a high awareness of the time. However, sometimes when I am focusing on a ‘thinking’ task – I lose track. Impatience – I recognize that given that many of the tasks in which I am involved are dependent on input or timely decisions by other people my impatience sometimes manifests itself in a visible irritation which can impact on building effective relationships. (iv)Building effective relationships (200 words) I circulated a personal effectiveness questionnaire to colleagues which focused on my communication skills, as I recognize that these are the foundation stone to an effective leadership & management style. In general, there was a wide range of views regarding my sensitivity to the political nuances of the organization and awareness of the structural hierarchy. There was also a fairly wide range of views regarding whether my tone is considered to be in step with the culture of the organization. I understand that my ability to build and maintain effective relationships in the workplace is dependent on my ability to understand of the culture of the organization. I found it helpful to apply Johnson and Scholes’ cultural web to understand the factors (stories & myths, symbols, power structures, organization structures, control systems, ritual and routines) which influence the organizational values of my employer. When I thought about it from this perspective, I was surprised to recognize the power of stories and myths within my workplace, and the barrier this often presents to my ability to develop effective relationships, since many of my colleagues have been in post for over twenty years, and therefore steeped in a shared organizational memory which I, as a fairly recent recruit, have limited knowledge and understanding of. (v)Giving and receiving feedback (300 words) I circulated an anonymous personal effectiveness questionnaire to a range of colleagues, and received six responses. Half of the respondents felt I was very good at responding to constructive criticism in a one-to-one situation. One colleague had some concern in this area. Three-quarters of the respondents felt I was excellent, or very good, at responding to other people’s ideas in a one-to-one situation. Two colleagues had some concern. I felt that, in general, it is reasonable to assume that colleagues are likely to err on the side of being fairly generous in their assessment of others. Therefore, the high incidence of close colleagues reporting concern around my ability to give and receive feedback is likely to highlight a significant area for development. When I circulated the questionnaire, I included in the cover letter, the invitation to colleagues who had any concerns that they would like to discuss, to arrange a face to face meeting. Despite the high number of colleagues who clearly had some concern about my interaction with them, nobody too up this suggestion. Although I do realise that colleagues are busy, I feel that the significant reluctance of people to speak to me about their concerns directly, is in itself evidence of real concern about how I might react to feedback. I also self-assessed my own ability to give feedback that is specific, timely and effective in achieving the desired change in performance. I identified two specific scenarios in which I discussed with my manager. Firstly, I provided feedback to Document Services staff in relation to the timely preparation of the Fitness to Practise Reference Group papers which resulted in significantly improved communication and higher standards of performance. I also provided feedback to several paper authors, intended to manage expectations around the stages of preparing the papers for submission to Council, which had a marked and immediate impact on the tendency of authors to stick to the schedule. 3b.Learning style and process (300 words) My most memorable learning experience to date was learning to scuba dive in the Red Sea. This is because it was very a practical, hands-on course. The experience of scuba diving results in a very striking, multi-sensory memories; the smell of the sea and the equipment, the image and feel of fish swimming next to you, the sound of the boat above. This is in line with a preference for learning through kinetic experience (N. Fleming, VARK methodology – ‘Teaching and Learning Strategies’. During the course seminar, we completed a learning styles questionnaire which investigated our preferences for activist, reflector, theorist or pragmatist types. This exercise indicated that I had a moderate preference for theorist, compared to the other learning types. I think this reflects the fact that I also tend to learn effectively through independent reading and listening. I am interested in abstract concepts and theories, which I think may be partly the result of conditioning through the preferred teaching styles of successive teachers and university tutors. Throughout my career, in the workplace I have acquired many new skills and strengths through practical experience. For example, I have a strong ability to prioritise my work and meet deadlines, which has developed out of necessity through my experience as a bid-writer responding to invitations to tender. In that situation, missing a deadline would have had significant financial consequences. Similarly, I have developed strong active listening skills as a helpline worker for a children’s charity, as we were provided with specific training to develop open communication and trust. The inability to gain the trust of callers would have had significant consequences for child safety. 3c.Development plan, including justification and resources Development Plan WhyWhatWhen To improve awareness of internal hierarchy and political nuances and appropriate risk escalationMentoring with Assistant Director of Legal ServicesAugust 2010 – January 2011 To improve skills chairing meetings and improve ability to be inclusive of other people’s ideasOne day training house programmeSeptember 2011 To develop effective relationships across directoratesSix month secondmentJanuary 2011 To develop strategies for managing stress (expected to improve communication with colleagues)GP advice and weekly counselling Cognitive Behaviour TherapyAssessment by West London Mental Health Trust August 2011 To monitor progress and review development planMonthly personal development with line-manager to focus on communication skillsFrom August 2011 3d.Future Direction (100 words) I recognize that my weaknesses around communication skills, particularly within a group setting or chairing meetings, currently presents an obstacle to leading projects at the highest level. In terms of future direction, I would like to visualize myself having sufficient political sensitivity and nuanced communication style, to chair Project Board meetings, line-manage other members of staff, and blend into the culture of the organization. In particular, I would like to improve my ability to manage stress and work flexibly to cope with unexpected events. I believe that the successful completion of my development plan will help to equip me to position myself for future promotion and to operate at a more senior level. 4.Personal Review (500 words) I chose to give a presentation exploring my management style to my line-manager. in a confidential one-to-one basis, as I considered that this would facilitate honest feedback and constructive critical evaluation. In terms of my presentation style, felt that I achieved an appropriate balance between credibility as a presenter in a professional context, with an informality and approachability most suitable to the one-to-one format. She felt that in terms of the content of my presentation, I demonstrated a significant level of insight into own strengths and weaknesses in terms of my personal management style, and how that supports me in delivering the requirements of my role and dovetails with the preferred management style and culture of the organization. In particular, the presentation proved to be a very effective mechanism for opening up a debate and honest exchange of views around our different management styles which provided a platform for rebuilding a relationship that had recently been in danger of breaking down. We discussed the development plan, which felt to contain achievable and relevant activities. In terms of building effective relationships, we identified that difficulties around this tend to arise where my line-manager is on leave and I lack the positional power to manage risks effectively. In recognition of this, has made arrangements for the Assistant Director of Legal to act as my mentor and provide additional senior cover to enable me to escalate risks appropriately. We also had a useful conversation around the power dynamics of seeking senior cover for risk management from other Assistant Directors, where departmental agendas may be in conflict with achieving the goals of the organization. We also had a very constructive discussion around learning styles, which enabled me to articulate my preference for ‘auditory’ learning, and draw attention to my active listening skills in telephone contact with distressed clients, in both past and present roles. This rather helpfully distilled what may be an unusual emphasis on the content and tone of speech, rather than body language, which sometimes leads to differences of perception of the mood of face-to-face communication, and its impact on effective relationships. I think it was helpful to arrive at a shared understanding of this with my line-manager, and we discussed a variety of strategies for ‘damage limitation’ of this in meetings and improve my personal development in this area. She has also offered to seek funding for six additional sessions of Professional Insight coaching from an external provider, which can be added to my development plan.